The Banjar (or Banjarese) are a coastal, native ethnic group that settled in Tanah Laut and Banjarmasin in the south and in Hulu Sungai in the north of South Kalimantan,, Indonesia, the second largest city on the island of Borneo. Several centuries ago, some of them had travelled to many places in the Malay archipelago. They set up pockets of settlement there, in Perak (mostly in Parit Buntar and Teluk Intan region), Selangor around (Sabak Bernam and Sungai Besar), in Johor (Batu Pahat), in Medan as well as other places. The Banjarese people are made up of the native Dayaks, other Malays from Sumatra, and Javanese from Java.History
The Proto-Malay people migrated to Kalimantan/Borneo in 2500 BC. They were the ancestors of the Dayak people (Ot Danum). In 2500 BC, the Deutero Malay migrated to Kalimantan/Borneo. The Malay people from Sumatra brought their culture to Kalimantan/Borneo in 400 AD. The fusion of the cultures saw the birth of the Benjar Hulu language. Later, in 520 AD, the Malays formed the Buddhist Kingdom of Tanjungpuri in the present-day region of Tanjung, Tabalong.
In 1200 AD, Empu Jatmika built the Hindu Kingdom of Negara Dipa by the river of Tapin. This was the start of the Javanese-style courts in South Kalimantan. The Hindu era in South Kalimantan remained the most remembered period in South Kalimantan's history. The glory of Negara Dipa was succeeded by the Hindu Kingdom of Negara Daha in 1400 AD.
According to history, Prince Samudera, the rightful heir to the kingdom of Negara Daha, was forced to flee the court of because of his uncle's revolt against him. He was accepted by the people of Bandar Masih (Bandar=port, Masih=Malay people). Supported by the Sultanate of Demak, he formed a new Islamic Banjar Kingdom in 1526 with Bandar Masih as its capital. The name of Bandar Masih was later changed to Banjarmasin.
Relations with Dayaks
more information : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjar_people
The relationship between Banjar people and the neighboring Dayaks have always been good. Some of the Dayaks who had converted to Islam have also assimilated into the Banjar culture and call themselves Banjar. The Dayaks also think of the Banjars as their brothers and sisters. This is further strengthened by the fact there are many inter-marriages between the Banjars and the Dayaks, even among the members of the royalty. For example, Biang Lawai, a wife of a Banjar king was of Dayak Ngaju ethnicity. This means that the Banjarese Kings and Queens have Dayaks lineage in their blood.
This relationship grew strong when both ethnicities faced colonization by the Dutch in the 18th century. They became comrades in an age of war. Some of the warriors involved in Banjar War are of Dayak ethnicities or have Dayaks lineage in their blood. For example:
- Panglima Batur, who was of Dayak Siang Murung ethnicity,
- Panglima Wangkang, whose his father was a Dayak Bakumpai and whose mother was a Banjar,
- Panglima Batu Balot (Tumenggung Marha Lahew), a female warrior who attacked Fort Muara Teweh in 1864-1865.
Banjarese architecture
This article is about the architecture features of Banjar people of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. There are several types of traditional houses of the Banjarese:
- Bubungan Tinggi
- Gajah Baliku
- Gajah Manyusu
- Balai Laki
- Balai Bini
- Palimbangan
- Palimasan (Rumah Gajah)
- Anjung Surung (Rumah Cacak Burung)
- Tadah Alas
- Rumah Lanting
- Joglo Gudang
- Bangun Gudang
Traditional Architecture of Religious Structures:
- Candi Laras
- Candi Agung
- Masjid Sultan Suriansyah
More information about this :http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjarese_architecture
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